The China-Built Addis-Djibouti Railway Gathers Momentum

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A new paradigm for harnessing the potential of the two-country railway line is yielding promising results, with a focus on people-centric initiatives yet to fully unfold.

The Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway (AADR), operational since 2018, has been the subject of our research project on Chinese-built railway infrastructure development in Ethiopia and East Africa, documented in The Diplomat. During our recent fieldwork in January 2024, notable improvements in accessibility to the Furi-Lebu central station, situated on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, were evident. Enhanced road infrastructure, including the construction of the “ring road,” has facilitated smoother travel to the station by car or bus, although challenges persist for other modes of transportation, especially over the 15-kilometer distance from Meskel Square.

The vicinity of the station has witnessed a transformation into a burgeoning neighborhood, characterized by increased housing, local businesses, and community activities. This development underscores the station’s pivotal role as a local hub, fostering socio-economic growth and community engagement. CEO Abdi Zenebe’s initiative to install recreational facilities like mini soccer fields and basketball courts reflects a commitment to employee well-being and community integration.

In terms of workforce development, the operational rights of the AADR were transferred to the Ethio-Djibouti Railway (EDR) at the end of 2023, signaling a transition to local management. Despite this shift, Chinese experts will continue to provide technical assistance under a two-year contract. Maintaining positive relations with Chinese partners remains crucial for the EDR’s future growth and financial sustainability.

The AADR’s primary focus has been on ensuring the functionality of the main line, with plans for trunk lines to industrial parks and ports yet to materialize due to financial constraints. Nevertheless, discussions persist regarding potential extensions, including routes to Mekelle and a projected port in Somaliland.

Operational challenges, including unreliable power grids and security issues such as livestock obstruction on tracks and ethnic conflicts, have impeded the AADR’s full potential. Collaborative efforts are underway to address these issues, including agreements with Chinese partners to supply spare parts and plans to reintroduce direct and express train connections between Addis Ababa and Djibouti.

The AADR’s economic viability hinges on enhancing freight transportation, which has seen significant growth in recent years. Efforts to prioritize the transport of national products, such as fertilizers, coffee, and edible oil, underscore the railway’s role in bolstering regional trade and economic integration.

To further maximize the AADR’s impact, efforts to increase public awareness and ridership among local populations are essential. Improving services and fostering partnerships with businesses and citizens are key priorities for the EDR in the coming years.

The journey towards realizing the AADR’s full potential as a catalyst for economic growth and regional integration continues, with a concerted focus on people-centered initiatives and sustainable development.